ISLANDS AS NOVELTY SITES*     

GODFREY BALDACCHINO 《Geographical review》2007,97(2):165-174

ABSTRACT. Being on the edge, being out of sight and so out of mind, exposes the weakness of mainstream ideas, orthodoxies, and paradigms and foments alternatives to the status quo. Islands are thus propelled as sites of innovative conceptualizations, whether of nature or human enterprise, whether virtual or real. They stand out as sites of novelty; they tend toward clairvoyance; they are disposed to act as advance indicators or extreme reproductions of what is present or future elsewhere. This article, which is essentially bibliographical, celebrates islands as the quintessential sites for experimentation, with reference to the physical sciences, the social sciences, and literature.  相似文献   

Effect of agricultural land use on the chemistry of groundwater from basaltic aquifers, Jeju Island, South Korea   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Dong-Chan Koh  Kyung-Seok Ko  Yongje Kim  Seung-Gu Lee  Ho-Wan Chang 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(4):727-743

Geochemical processes were identified as controlling factors of groundwater chemistry, including chemical weathering, salinization from seawater and dry sea-salt deposition, nitrate contamination, and rainfall recharge. These geochemical processes were identified using principal component analysis of major element chemistry of groundwater from basaltic aquifers in Jeju Island, South Korea, a volcanic island with intense agricultural activities. The contribution of the geochemical processes to groundwater chemistry was quantified by a simple mass-balance approach. The geochemical effects due to seawater were considered based on Cl contributions, whereas the effects due to natural chemical weathering were based on alkalinity. Nitrogenous fertilizers, and especially the associated nitrification processes, appear to significantly affect groundwater chemistry. A strong correlation was observed between Na, Mg, Ca, SO₄ and Cl, and nitrate concentrations in groundwater. Correspondingly, the total major cations, Cl, and SO₄ in groundwater were assessed to estimate relative effect of N-fertilizer use on groundwater chemistry. Cl originates more from nitrate sources than from seawater, whereas SO₄ originates mostly from rainwater. N-fertilizer use has shown the greatest effect on groundwater chemistry, particularly when nitrate concentrations exceed 6–7 mg/L NO₃–N. Nitrate contamination significantly affects groundwater quality and 18% of groundwater samples have contamination-dominated chemistry.  相似文献   

1961-2004年乌鲁木齐城市化过程中的冷化效应   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

李珍  姜逢清  胡汝骥  朱传民 《干旱区地理》2007,30(2):231-239

利用乌鲁木齐和达坂城1961-2000年月平均气温,2001-2004年月平均最低气温和月平均最高气温资料,分析了乌鲁木齐和达坂城两地平均温Tm、平均最高温Tmax、平均最低温Tmin及其对应值的差值(ΔTu-rm、ΔTu-rmax、ΔTu-rmin)随时间的变化趋势特征。结果表明,乌鲁木齐城市化过程中冷化效应和热岛效应同时存在。近40多年来,乌鲁木齐年Tmm、Tmax有微弱的下降趋势,春季、夏季Tm、Tmax、Tmin和秋季Tm、Tmax均呈下降趋势,以夏季最为显著,而冬季Tm、Tmax、Tmin呈上升趋势;乌鲁木齐和达坂城之间年、春季、夏季和秋季ΔTu-rm、ΔTu-rmax、ΔTu-rmin均呈显著的下降趋势,冬季气温差值显著上升。降水量的增加、城市绿化和城市灌溉面积的增大,可能对乌鲁木齐城市化过程中的气候冷化产生了影响。  相似文献   

广州市冬夏季热岛的空间格局及其差异分析     

王芳  卓莉  冯艳芬 《热带地理》2007,27(3):198-202

利用2003年夏季和冬季两景Landsat ETM图像的热红外波段反演了广州市地表温度(LST)的空间变化,并对冬季和夏季热岛空间分布特征的差异及成因进行了分析。结果表明,广州市冬季和夏季热岛的空间分布具有明显的规律性,并且空间分布、强度差异很大;夏季热岛集中区主要是建筑物和道路等非渗透表面组成地域以及人口最密集区域,冬季热岛的分布主要与工业区和运输业的分布相伴。引起这种差异的原因主要是城市能耗布局、下垫面性质、冬夏季生物学和热学特征综合作用的结果。  相似文献   

南沙群岛岛礁地形地貌TM影像特征分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

潘春梅  丁谦  曹文玉 《国土资源遥感》2002,(2):34-37,60

根据南沙海区的地形地貌特征，利用TM图像，对不同的珊瑚礁、珊瑚沙发育状况和岛礁的地质特征与生态特征进行了分析，研究了水下礁、滩的物质组份、发育程度及TM影像特征，提出了30m以浅岛礁分类方法，查清了南沙海域岛、礁、滩、沙的形态和分布，细化并完善了南沙群岛岛礁分类。  相似文献   

从上海市热岛演变看城市绿化的重要意义   总被引：15，自引：6，他引：15  

丁金才  周红妹  叶其欣 《气象》2002,28(2):22-24

近40年来，上海城市热岛面积扩大了7－8倍，强度增强了一倍，导致了高温灾害的增加。上海热岛的迅速扩张和增强始于20世纪80年代，与上海城市的建设有明显的对应关系。如何合理规划城市建设，减缓热岛效应影响，以保证上海城市的健康和可持续发展，已成为一个迫切需要解决的问题。近几年来显示出的上海中心城区热岛强度减弱趋势表明，城市绿化建设对减缓城市热岛效应具有重要意义。  相似文献   

西藏冈底斯岛弧及其铜多金属矿带的基本特征与远景评估   总被引：64，自引：10，他引：64  

王全海  王保生等 《地质通报》2002,21(1):35-40

冈底斯岛弧带属冈底斯活动大陆边缘的组成部分。带内早自中侏罗世、晚至第三纪的中酸性火山岩以及与雅鲁藏布江结合带有成因联系的Ⅰ型中酸性岛弧陆缘碱性侵入体（40-100Ma)和陆内汇聚造山引起的S型花岗岩体（15-50Ma)广泛发育。研究证实，冈底斯岛弧带属有色金属、贵金属成矿带。主要矿种的矿床类型有：海底火山热液型或火山喷流沉积型（Cu多金属）、海底热水沉积型（Cu、Pb、Zn等）、斑岩型（Cu、Mo）以及接触交代岩浆期后地下水热液充填的复合型（Cu、Pb、Zn）等。这些多期、多阶段复合叠加成矿作用和多种矿床类型的“同带共存”格局，展示了冈底斯岛弧带的巨大找矿潜力。  相似文献   

A Simple Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model For Atmospheric Models: Comparison With Multi-Layer And Slab Models   总被引：26，自引：7，他引：26  

Hiroyuki Kusaka  Hiroaki Kondo  Yokihiro Kikegawa  Fujio Kimura 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,101(3):329-358

We developed a simple, single-layer urban canopy model, and comparedit to both multi-layer and slab models. Our single-layer model has thefollowing features: (a) It is a column model of energy and momentumexchange between an urban surface and the atmosphere, (b) it includesthe influence of street canyons, which are parameterized to representthe urban geometry, (c) it includes shadowing from buildings andreflection of radiation, and (d) it estimates both the surfacetemperatures of, and heat fluxes from, three surface types: roof, wall,and road. In the simulation of the single-layer model, the roof washottest during the daytime, but coolest from midnight to early morning.This is consistent with output from the multi-layer model and fieldobservations at a residential area on a clear, summer day. The diurnalvariation of the energy budget from the single-layer model agrees wellwith that from the multi-layer model. Our single-layer model'sperformance is nearly that of a multi-layer model for studyingmesoscale heat islands. Nevertheless, it is simply parameterized,and thus easily included in larger-scale atmospheric models. The slabmodel has the largest nighttime cooling rate of the three models. Toovercome this, it needs more adjustments than for the canopy models.  相似文献   

从地名看开疆文化在海南岛的传播扩散   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4  

朱竑 《地理科学》2001,21(1):89-93

开疆文化是一种开发，开拓边疆的文化，开疆文化的传播是通过众多文化要素的逐渐渗透，传输而实现整体状况改变的，开疆文化在海南的传播扩散及其历史影响则又可以从地名等文化要素的演变中得到反映，进而从一个侧面印证开疆文化在海南岛的传播，扩散及影响。  相似文献   

Conceptualising State‐Controlled Resort Islands for an Environment‐Friendly Development of Tourism: The Maldivian Experience     

Manfred Domroes 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2001,22(2):122-137

The Maldives host a sophisticated and competitive international tourist industry which has replaced fishing as the dominant economic activity. With their rich tropical reef ecosystems and the abundant biodiversity of their marine environment, a total of 86 uninhabited islands had been converted into Resort Islands by the end of 2000. Resort Islands are equipped with comprehensive facilities for accommodation, food, recreation and leisure. They are also strictly reserved for foreign tourists and guarantee complete privacy. This gives the benefit of averting conflicts of acculturation with local islanders. In the arena of impacts on the physical environment, however, the consumptive leisure lifestyle of the tourists has been harmful to the Resort Islands as seen in sewage, garbage and waste pollution, as well as reef destruction and beach erosion. While the government of the Maldives takes great effort to harmonise tourism and the environment, the growth of mass tourism in the last 20 years has engendered grave environmental impacts. For future sustainable development of the Resort Islands, the tourists' environmental awareness must be increased to promote greater responsibility for the protection of the fragile coral and reef ecosystems of the Maldives.  相似文献